What does the term "pilling" refer to in the context of fabric performance?

Pilling in the context of fabric performance refers to the formation of small balls of fiber on the surface of the fabric. This phenomenon occurs when fibers, typically loose or weakly attached, become entangled due to friction. As the fabric is worn or laundered, these fibers can cluster together, forming small, unsightly balls, or pills, that compromise the fabric's appearance and feel. This issue is particularly common in synthetic and blended fabrics, where certain types of fibers tend to shed more easily.

Understanding pilling is important for evaluating fabric quality and suitability for various applications, especially in garments and upholstery. Fabrics that resist pilling retain a better aesthetic and tactile quality over time, which is a significant consideration when choosing materials for long-lasting use.